Logical Fallacies

False Cause (Correlation Is Not Causation) You treat sequence or correlation as proof that A made B happen - without ruling out rivals. 56 · Moderate FC Straw Man You knock down a weaker, weirder version of someone's claim - and treat the win as if you answered the real one. 60 · Moderate SM Ad Hominem You answer the person instead of the claim, and treat that answer as if the claim lost. 62 · Moderate AdH Slippery Slope You treat a modest first step as the start of an inevitable slide to a extreme end - without showing the links. 59 · Moderate SS False Dichotomy You frame a choice as either/or when real alternatives, blends, or partial paths still exist. 65 · Moderate FD Circular Reasoning You assume the conclusion inside the premises - so the argument only restates what it claimed to prove. 55 · Mild CR Appeal to Emotion You treat a strong feeling as proof - or use emotion to replace evidence in an argument. 68 · High AE Framing Effect You react differently to the same information depending on how it is presented. 62 · Moderate FE Halo Effect You let one positive trait influence your overall judgment of a person or thing. 70 · High HE Authority Bias Status, title, or a lab coat can make a claim feel true - before you check whether the argument earns it. 68 · High AB Red Herring Fallacy The reply is vivid, and it answers a question nobody asked, so the original question leaves the room. 56 · Moderate RdH Whataboutism (Tu Quoque) A charge is met by a different charge, and the first one never gets an answer. 66 · High Wht No True Scotsman A counterexample shows up, and the category quietly shrinks so the counterexample is no longer inside it. 62 · Moderate NTS Motte-and-Bailey Fallacy Under questioning, the bold claim hides behind a modest one. When the questions stop, the bold claim is back. 65 · Moderate MtB Moving the Goalposts The evidence you asked for arrives, and the standard for proof moves so you still do not have to update. 64 · Moderate MGp Gish Gallop A stack of weak points arrives faster than anyone can answer, and the unanswered stack is treated as a win. 59 · Moderate Gsh Anecdotal Evidence One vivid story gets treated as if it were a rate, a study, or a reason to ignore the table. 62 · Moderate AnE Appeal to Nature "It's natural" gets used as a verdict, as if nature had already done the ethics and the safety check. 58 · Moderate ApN Special Pleading You keep the rule, and you quietly excuse the case you care about from having to follow it. 64 · Moderate SPl Nirvana Fallacy A real option gets rejected because it is not the perfect option, so the comparison that matters never happens. 61 · Moderate Nir